CFD Analysis of Co-firing of Coke and Biomass in a Parallel Flow Regenerative Lime Kiln

Abstract The lime industry is a highly energy intensive industry, with huge presence worldwide. To reduce both production costs and pollutants emissions, some plants are introducing more environmentally-friendly sources, such as local agro-industry residues. In this paper, numerical tool presented, which simulates large-scale Parallel Flow Regenerative (PFR) kiln that currently uses coke main fuel. developed aims at investigating the combustion process under conditions of co-firing biomass to assist plant operators in optimization operating conditions. achieve goal, two-way coupling Euler–Lagrange approach used model dynamics particulate phase their interaction gas phase. Pyrolysis, volatiles oxidation char modelled by kinetics/diffusion-limited (for heterogeneous reactions) mixture fraction homogeneous reactions). Moreover, two methods investigated for representing limestone bed: porous medium (PM) “solid blocks” (BM) tridimensional mesh. Comparison results case 100% showed ideal “blocks” method accurate it adequately scattering fuel particles through PFR anchor, limited PM approach. temperature profile, maximum minimum temperatures, well CO 2 O concentrations outlet, comprised expected range technology, according available literature. Finally, predicted 60% (in mass) were validated measurements an industrial facility, capacity 440 calcium oxide tons per day. suggest fairly predict temperature, NO X outlet. Although improvements recommended refine CFD predictions, these promising high computational efficiency laid foundation future modelling biomass, calcination process. It also paves way facilitating reduction pollutant emissions thus contributing sustainable production. Graphical